Umiam Lake, often called the “Barapani” or “Big Water,” stands as a dazzling jewel in the hills just north of Shillong, Meghalaya. Offering an unmatched blend of history, natural beauty, culture, and adventure, Umiam Lake has evolved from a hydroelectric project to one of Northeast India’s premier travel destinations, drawing visitors with its serene expanse, vibrant local culture, and unforgettable scenery.
Location and Geography
Located 15 kilometres north of Shillong, Umiam Lake is tucked amidst the rolling East Khasi hills. The surrounding region is lush, with forests, wildflowers, and picturesque hill slopes adding to its charm. The lake covers around 10 square kilometres, its shimmering waters reflecting both clouds and the surrounding highlands. The principal catchment area spans an impressive 220–225 square kilometres, including parts of Shillong and nearby villages.
Route and How to Reach Umiam Lake
- By Air: The nearest airport is Shillong Airport (Umroi), about 20 km from the lake.
- By Road: Regular taxis, buses, and hired vehicles run from Shillong. The lake is adjacent to National Highway 6.
- By Rail: The nearest major railway station is in Guwahati, Assam, about 100 km away. From there, one can hire a taxi or board a bus to Shillong and on to Umiam Lake.
Key Details:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shillong Airport (Umroi) [about 30 km from the lake] |
| Nature | Artificial reservoir (Bara Pani); created in 1960s for hydroelectric power |
| Height | 1,220 meters (4,003 ft) above sea level |
| Area | 10 square km (lake), 220-225 sq km (catchment area) |
| Main Attractions | Boating, kayaking, water sports, scenic views, picnics, photography, houseboats |
| Entry Fee | ₹20-₹50 per adult (varies by gate/activities) |
| Boating Charges | ₹20 (pedal boat), ₹50 (water scooter), ₹10 (cruise boat), ₹100 (yachting), up to ₹400 for speedboats, ₹1500 for houseboat (24 hours, up to 5 adults & a child) |
| Visiting Hours | 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (all days) |
| Best Time to Visit | October–March (clear weather); also pleasant till April |
| Time Required | 1–2 hours typical; longer for boating, picnic, or houseboat stay |
| Nearby Airport | Shillong Airport (Umroi) [about 30 km from lake] |
| Accessibility | Reachable by taxi, bus, or private vehicle from Shillong |
| Special Features | Boat House on Lumpongden Island (advance booking needed) |
| Other Details | Fishery, drinking water source, water sports hub, eco-tourism site |
| Environmental Note | Periodic water pollution; clean-up efforts ongoing |
How Umiam Lake Was Formed: Historical Perspective
The origins of Umiam Lake date back to the early 1960s, when a dam was constructed across the Umiam River. This dam, part of the Umiam Umtru Hydroelectric Power Project, was the first of its kind in Northeast India and marked the region’s entry into hydropower generation. Stage I of the project was completed in 1965, with four turbine-generators providing clean energy to the expanding region.
Before the lake, the valley was inhabited by Khasi communities who practised traditional livelihoods. The dam’s construction resulted in the displacement of some villagers, a significant yet comparatively small settlement, and marked the transition of the region from agricultural valleys to a landmark for hydroelectricity and tourism.
Culture & Local Legends
Umiam Lake resonates deeply with Khasi folklore and tradition. The word “Umiam” comes from the Khasi language, meaning “water of tears.” According to local legend, two sisters descended from heaven to Meghalaya; however, one got lost, and the other wept so much that her tears formed the lake. This poignant myth weaves emotional connection and reverence into the local culture.
Today, visitors can often witness rituals, festivals, and cultural celebrations at or near the lake, many of which preserve the distinctive customs and heritage of the Khasi people. Community-based tourism initiatives are increasingly offering travellers immersive experiences, such as homestays, local food, and guided walks.
Umiam Lake as a Tourist Hub
Adventure and Water Sports
The lake is now famed for its variety of water sports and recreational options. Major attractions include:
- Boating: Paddle boats, rowboats, and speedboats are available.
- Kayaking and Canoeing: Glide over tranquil waters, especially beautiful at sunrise or sunset.
- Water Cycling and Yachting: The watersports complex offers equipment for hire.
- Fishing: Locals and tourists alike enjoy fishing for delicious freshwater species.
- Other Adventure Sports: Trekking, zip-lining, and camping options are available in the surrounding region.
Sightseeing Spots
- Nehru Park: A serene park by the lakeside, ideal for family picnics and nature walks.
- Orchid Tourism Resort: Once a popular tourist lodge, plans are afoot for redevelopment into a luxury destination.
- Viewpoints: Several panoramic spots around the lake offer stunning views, especially during misty mornings or golden evenings.
Photography and Wildlife
Umiam Lake is a photographer’s delight. The rolling mists, dramatic clouds, and mirror-like waters create a surreal canvas, especially during sunrise and sunset. Wildlife enthusiasts will also find migratory birds and butterflies in the area, enhancing the lake’s ecological charm.
List of Places to Visit Near Umiam Lake
- Shillong Peak: Provides 360-degree views of Shillong and the bordering valley.
- Diengiei Peak: A popular trekking destination for panoramic vistas.
- Lum Nehru Park: A beautifully landscaped garden on the banks of the lake.
- Orchid Again: Renowned for Meghalaya’s native orchid species.
- Lum Sohpetbneng: A sacred pilgrimage spot for the Khasi people.
Revenue Generation and Local Economy
Umiam Lake is central to both the power and tourism economies of Meghalaya:
- Hydroelectric Revenue: The dam generates hydroelectricity for the state, serving as a key source of government income and providing local grid power.
- Tourism Revenue: The steady influx of visitors translates to earnings for boathouse operators, guides, food stalls, and local artisans. The area supports a variety of resorts and homestays, with tourism peaking during spring and the post-monsoon period.
Ecological and Social Impact
The creation of Umiam Lake led to the submergence of valleys and the displacement of villages, but provided abundant water and clean energy. Today, the challenge is to balance tourism growth with ecological sustainability, protecting the water quality, forest cover, and local biodiversity. Recent attention has focused on water management, as declining water levels periodically affect power generation and ecological health.
Local Cuisine and Cultural Experiences
Visitors enjoy fresh fish caught from the lake, Khasi tribal dishes, bamboo shoot curries, and indigenous fruits. Community-run stalls and eateries offer regional fare, and special food festivals are sometimes held around the lake.
Environmental Conservation at Umiam Lake
With rising visitor numbers, safeguarding the lake’s ecology remains a challenge and a priority. Various government and community initiatives are underway, focusing on waste management, afforestation, and sustainable tourism practices.
Umiam Lake in Popular Culture
The dramatic landscape of Umiam has made it a beloved setting for movies, photography, and local stories. It is commonly featured in travel guides, documentaries, and promotional campaigns that showcase Meghalaya as the “Scotland of the East”.
Recent Developments and News
In 2025, the government announced a new expressway project connecting Guwahati to Umiam and Panchgram. Billed as Northeast India’s first expressway, it promises to reduce travel time and further boost tourism. Recent news includes government plans to redevelop the Orchid Lake Resort and engagement with community-based development for sustainable growth.
FAQs About Umiam Lake
What is the best time to visit Umiam Lake?
The best time to visit is from October to April, after the monsoon has receded and the weather is cool and pleasant. This period is ideal for boating, sightseeing, and photography.
Are water sports available at Umiam Lake?
Yes, visitors can enjoy boating, kayaking, water cycling, and fishing. A dedicated water sports complex operates beside the lake, renting equipment and organising activities.
Can travellers book lakeside accommodation?
Yes, several guesthouses, resorts, and homestays overlook the lake. The Orchid Lake Resort is one of the most popular options, although it is currently slated for redevelopment.
How do I reach Umiam Lake from Shillong or Guwahati?
The lake is 15 km from Shillong (by taxi or bus) and about 100 km from Guwahati. The new Guwahati–Umiam-Panchgram expressway will soon make travel quicker.
Is there an entry fee or any restrictions?
A nominal fee is charged for entry and specific activities like boating. Environmental guidelines are followed to preserve the area, so littering and disruptive behaviour are discouraged.
What makes Umiam Lake culturally significant?
Beyond its engineering legacy, Umiam is linked to Khasi myth, festivals, and local events. Many rituals and cultural celebrations still take place around its shores, making it both a natural and cultural landmark.
Is the area safe for families and solo travellers?
Yes, Umiam Lake is considered very safe, with local tourism authorities maintaining regular patrols and facilities.
